Decorator Pattern

In object-oriented programming, the decorator pattern is a design pattern that allows behavior to be added to an individual object, dynamically, without affecting the behavior of other objects from the same class. The decorator pattern is often useful for adhering to the Single Responsibility Principle, as it allows functionality to be divided between classes with unique areas of concern. The decorator pattern is structurally nearly identical to the chain of responsibility pattern, the difference being that in a chain of responsibility, exactly one of the classes handles the request, while for the decorator, all classes handle the request.

Wikipedia: Decorator Pattern

Example

View on GitHub

abstract class Beverage {
  double get cost;
  String get ingredients;
}

class Ingredient {
  double cost;
  String name;

  Ingredient(this.name, this.cost);

  @override
  String toString() => name;
}

var coffee = Ingredient("coffee", .25);
var milk = Ingredient("milk", .5);
var sugar = Ingredient("sugar", .1);

class Coffee implements Beverage {
  final Set<Ingredient> _ingredients = {coffee, milk, sugar};

  @override
  double get cost => _ingredients.fold(0, (total, ingredient) => total + ingredient.cost);

  @override
  String get ingredients {
    var stringIngredients = _ingredients.fold<String>("", (total, ingredient) {
      if (_ingredients.last.name == ingredient.name) {
        return total + "and ${ingredient.name}";
      }
      return total + "${ingredient.name}, ";
    });

    return stringIngredients;
  }
}

class StarbucksCoffeeDecorator implements Beverage {
  final Beverage _coffee = Coffee();
  
  @override
  double get cost => _coffee.cost * 5;
  
  @override
  String get ingredients => _coffee.ingredients;
}

void main() {
  var coffee = Coffee();
  var starbucksCoffee = StarbucksCoffeeDecorator();

  print("Coffee contains ${coffee.ingredients}. It costs \$${coffee.cost}");
  print("Starbucks coffee contains ${starbucksCoffee.ingredients}. It costs \{starbucksCoffee.cost}");

  // Coffee contains coffee, milk, and sugar. It costs $0.85
  // Starbucks coffee contains coffee, milk, and sugar. It costs $4.25
}